MICROPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OVERVIEW Archives

The vascular niche in next generation microphysiological systems

In recent years, microphysiological system (MPS, also known as, organ-on-a-chip or tissue chip) platforms have emerged with great promise to improve the predictive capacity of preclinical modeling thereby reducing the high attrition rates when drugs move into trials. While their designs can vary quite significantly, in general MPS are bioengineered in vitro microenvironments that recapitulate key functional …

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Engineering Vascularized Organoid-on-a-Chip Models

Recreating human organ-level function in vitro is a rapidly evolving field that integrates tissue engineering, stem cell biology, and microfluidic technology to produce 3D organoids. A critical component of all organs is the vasculature. Herein, we discuss general strategies to create vascularized organoids, including common source materials, and survey previous work using vascularized organoids to …

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Tumor-on-chip modeling of organ-specific cancer and metastasis

Every year, cancer claims millions of lives around the globe. Unfortunately, model systems that accurately mimic human oncology – a requirement for the development of more effective therapies for these patients – remain elusive. Tumor development is an organ-specific process that involves modification of existing tissue features, recruitment of other cell types, and eventual metastasis …

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Applications of tumor chip technology

Over the past six decades the inflation-adjusted cost to bring a new drug to market has been increasing constantly and doubles every 9 years – now reaching in excess of $2.5 billion. Overall, the likelihood of FDA approval for a drug (any disease indication) that has entered phase I clinical trials is a mere 9.6%, …

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Engineering perfused microvascular networks into microphysiological systems platforms

The microvasculature is an essential component of nearly all tissues, with most cells residing within 200 μm of a vessel. Endothelial cells form the inner wall of microvessels and control which nutrients, cells and drugs cross into the underlying tissue. Given these critical roles, it makes sense to include functioning microvessels when creating tissue models, and these can be generated …

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Blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip: Microphysiological systems that capture the complexity of the blood-central nervous system interface

The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic and highly organized structure that strictly regulates the molecules allowed to cross the brain vasculature into the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier pathology has been associated with a number of central nervous system diseases, including vascular malformations, stroke/vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and various neurological tumors including …

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A strategy for integrating essential three-dimensional microphysiological systems of human organs for realistic anticancer drug screening

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Despite some success, traditional anticancer drugs developed to reduce tumor growth face important limitations primarily due to undesirable bone marrow and cardiovascular toxicity. Many drugs fail in clinical development after showing promise in preclinical trials, suggesting that the available in vitro …

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Publication Category: MICROPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OVERVIEW